Substrates and Inks
| Substrate | Common Tradenames* | Material Applied by Exxelia Micropen | Function Added | Applications Demonstrated |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Polymers | ||||
| Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) | Mylar,® Melinex® | Ag, W | Conductivity, Radiopacity | Cardiac ablation balloon, lead on cardiac ablation wire guide |
| Polyurethane | Texin,® Desmopan,® Tecothane,® Estane,® Pellethane® | Ag, TiO2 | Conductivity, Opacity | Capsule antenna, Tecothane,® Estane,® electrode on sheath, Pellethane® visualization |
| Silicone | SilMedic,® BioSil,™ Silikophen,® Nusil™ | Ag, W | Conductivity, Radiopacity | Atrial ablation balloon, flexible brain stimulation electrode |
| Silicone-Urethane Copolymer | Elast-Eon™ | Ag, W | Conductivity, Radiopacity | Visualization |
| Polyamide (Nylon) | Vestamid,® Grilamid® | Ag, W | Conductivity, Radiopacity | Sensing on balloon catheter |
| Polyetheramide | PEBAX | Ag, W | Conductivity, Radiopacity | Catheter stimulation and sensing, ablation catheter |
| Polyetherimide | Ultem® | Ag | Conductivity | Stimulation |
| Polyetherether Ketone | Vestakeep,® PEEK-Optima® | Ag, W | Conductivity, Radiopacity | Heater |
| Polysulfone | Radel,® Udel,® Fortron® | Ag | Conductivity | Sensing |
| Polytetrafluoroethylene (Etched) | Teflon® | Ag, W | Conductivity, Radiopacity | Visualization |
| Polycarbonate | Makrolon,® Calibre,™ Lexan® | Ag, W | Radiopacity, Conductivity | Sensing on surgical device |
| Polyvinylidene Fluoride | Dyflor,® Kynar® | W | Radiopacity | Visualization |
| Polyvinyl Chloride | Nakan,® Chlorite™ | Ag | Conductivity | Sensing on endotracheal tube |
| Polyhydroxyalkanoate | Biopol,™ Mirel™ | W | Radiopacity | Visualization |
| Liquid Crystal Polymer | Vectra® | Ag | Conductivity | Heater, thermistor |
| Poly(P-Xylylene) | Parylene™ | Ag | Conductivity | Balloon electroporation |
| Styrene-Butadiene | Styrolux® | Ag | Conductivity | Opthalmic electroporation |
| Metals | ||||
| Stainless Steel | 316SS, 304SS, 420SS | Various polymers, Ag | Dielectrics, Conductors | Heaters |
| Titanium | — | Au | Conductor | Sensing |
| Silicon | — | Various polymers, Ag | Dielectrics, Conductors | Sensing |
| Ceramics | ||||
| Alumina | — | Ag, Au, Pd, Pt | Conductor, Capacitor, | Electrocauterization, heaters, sensors |
| Silica | Pyrex,® Glass, Quartz | Ag, Various polymers | Conductors, Protective layers | Heaters |
*All registered trademarks and tradenames are the property of their respective owners.